Teams typically achieve measurable improvements in outcomes at the people, process and programmatic level within 12-18 months. For example, in Malawi’s Nkhotakota district, early infant HIV diagnosis increased from under 65% to 90%, and early ANC attendance rose from 10% to 35% . In Eastern Cape, South Africa, medicine stock availability improved from 54% to 95% in six months. These results stem from teams applying data-driven decision-making and root cause analysis to their specific challenges.